Nobel prizes awarded in the subject related in Microbiology Research

Name of Scientist	Area of research	Year
A. Fleming, E.B. Chain & H.W. Florey	Discovery of Penicillin and its therapeutic value	1945
M. Theiler	Development of vaccine against yellow fever	1951
S.A. Waksman	Discovery of streptomycin	1952
J.F. Enders, T.H. Weller & F. Robbins	Cultivations of poliovirus in tissue culture	1954
D. Bovet	Discovery of the first antihistamine	1957
G.W. Beadle, E.I. Tatum & J. Lederberg	Microbial genetics	1958
S. Ochoa & A. Kornberg	Discovery of enzyme catalyzing nucleic acid synthesis	1959
F.H.C. Crick	Discoveries related to DNA	1962
F. Jacob, A. Lwoft & J. Monod	Discoveries about the regulation of genes	1965
F.P. Rous	Discovery of cancer virus	1966
R.W. Holley, H.G. Khorana & M.W. Nirenberg	Deciphering of the genetic code	1968
M. Delbruck, A.D. Hershey & S.E. Luria	Discoveries concerning viruses and viral infection of cells	1969
G. Edelman & R. Porter	Research on the structure of antibodies	1972
H. Temin, D. Baltimore & R. Dulbecco	Discovery of RNA dependent DNA synthesis by RNA tumor viruses; reproduction of DNA tumour virus	1975
B. Blumberg & D.C. Gajdusek	Mechanism and dissemination of hepatitis B virus; research on slow virus infection	1976
R. Yalow	Development of the Redioimmuno assay technique	1977
H.O. Smith, D. Nathans & W. Arber	Discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to the problem of molecular genetics	1978 1981
B. Benaclavaf, G. Snell & J. Dausset	Discovery of the histo-compatibilty antigens	1980
P. Berg, W. Gilberg & F. Sanger	Development of DNA technique (Berg); specially of DNA sequencing techniques	1981
A. Klug	Development of crystallographics electron microscopy	1982
C. Milstein, G.J.F. Kohler & N.K. Jerne	Development of the technique for formation of monoclonal antibodies; theoretical work in immunology.	1984
E. Ruska	Development of the transmission electron microscope.	1986
S. Tonegawa	The genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity	1987
J. Deisenhofer, R. Huber & H. Nichel	Crystallization and study of the photosynithetic feaction center from a bacterial membrane.	1988
J.M. Bishop & H.E. Varmus	Discovery of oncogenes	1989
S. Altman & T.R. Cech	Discovery of ribosome	1989
K.B. Mullis & M. Smith	For discovery of PCR technique and development of site directed mutagenesis	1993
E. Lewis, C. Nusslein & E. Wieschans	Physiology of Genetics of microbes	1995
S.B. Prussiner	Discovery of prions	1997

Noteworthy Events in the Development of Industrial Microbiology

Year	Events
1857	L. Pasteur showed that Lactic acid formation is due to microorganisms.
1881	L. Pasteur developed anthrax vaccine.
1885	Gave rise rabies vaccine.
1887	Buchner discovered that yeast extract ferment sugar.
1921	Fleming discovered Lysozyme.
1923	First edition of Bergey’s manual.
1929	Fleming discovered penicillin.
1933	Ruska developed electron microscope.
1935	Domagk discovered sulfa drugs.
1937	Chatton divided living organisms into prokaryotes and eukoryotes.
1941	Beadle and Tatum gave one gene one enzyme theory.
1944	Waksman discovered streptomycin.
1982	Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine developed.
1986	First vaccine (hepatitis B vaccine) produced by genetic engineering approved for human use.